It looks like Bilyarsk - a village like a village, there are dozens of such in Tatarstan . But it's Bilyarsk that stands on the site of the ancient capital of the Volga Bulgaria . This place of power, which people of different beliefs recognize . Eight hundred years ago the name of Bilyar was one of the largest medieval cities - an area of almost 800 hectares, with a population of up to 70 thousand people . He was superior in size and size to Paris and London! Bilyar was a major center of industry, crafts, trade, culture . And in Russian annals called "Great City" . Here there were metallurgists, smiths, masons, tanners, jewelers, carpenters ... Bilyar converged trade routes from Central Asia and Iran , Russia and the Baltic countries, the Caucasus and Byzantium . The merchants stopped in caravanserais, the ruins of one of them survived to the present day .
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How to call
+ 7-84341 - phone number
How to get to Bilyarsk
Aircraft from Moscow to Kazan fly daily (Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo airports). The journey takes about an hour and a half. Also every day there are trains running from the Kazan station. You can buy a ticket for 700 rubles - it's a sitting place. On the road, you will spend about 13 hours. Luxury coupes will cost almost 5 thousand rubles. In the capital of Tatarstan will need to change seats in the bus. He leaves the bus station "Yuzhny" at 13.40 local time (time in Tatarstan is Moscow).
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Sights of Bilyarsk
It would seem that you can see in the village ?! In addition to a pacifying idyllic picture like and nothing, but you did not forget that Bilyarsk is a village with a history, and what a! The main attraction of the village is the reserve, the exact name is the Bilyar State Historical and Archaeological and Natural Museum-Reserve . Its area is more than two thousand hectares, and the structure includes the historical-archeological museum, the Bilyar fortress, natural-landscape and historical-cultural monuments, a cemetery with a chapel-crypt of a well-known organic chemist A . Butlerova, House-Museum of Academician A . Arbuzov, an architectural and cult complex "Saint Key" . So you will not be bored in Bilyarsk, hardly remember .One tip - take a snack, go have a lot, and eat in the reserve there is especially nowhere . Cafe only at the entrance to the Holy Source .
Holy Key
So it is called Christians and is located 3 km from the village itself . The Orthodox believe that the key is "the saint's tears that she sheds over the sins of the human race" . And the legend reads: "A revered icon once disappeared from the local church . Soon the Tatar girl saw an icon of" Russian god "floating on the surface of a nearby lake . The girl wanted to get an ik well, and the shrine itself swam to her . The icon was put in place, but that same night she disappeared again . And again the same girl saw her in the middle of the same lake, but the icon was no longer given to her . @ Suddenly a voice said to the girl: "If you want to catch me, take Christianity . And I'll come to you in my arms and more of the church will not disappear" . The girl converted to Christianity, and the local people began to read her as a holy . @ And the place of her burial was the slope of the mountain, from under which the Holy Key was hammered ".
Tatars call this place the Mistress's Hill, or Ho zyay mountain - Khuzhalar Tavi . This holy place is known since the 9th century . According to legend, the ancient ruler Tyryshmal Khodzhi had 12 daughters - beautiful and intelligent . Once upon a time the city was attacked by enemies, the girls defended their native place with their father . They were seized and brought to the place where Khuzhalar Tawa Mountain is now located . The invaders ordered them to carry the earth . So a whole mountain was poured, at the top of which the enemies wanted to bury the father and daughters alive . But a miracle happened: beauties turned into stars and ascended to heaven, and their father rushed from the mountain and turned in the source . Because there is one more name at the mountain - "Maiden" . Here come also pagans - Mari and Chuvashes . The spring with crystal clear and healing water united at once three religions .
Now the territory of the source is well-equipped, surrounded by a brick fence, made in the style of the fortress wall, a comfortable but long - 444 steps - stairs .There are places for Muslim rituals: ritual slaughtering, cooking and eating meat . In summer summerhouses are occupied from the early morning . The Orthodox have their own place for prayers and even have stalls for pouring holy water . Sold and containers , to take water with you . On religious holidays pilgrims on the Holy Spring becomes twice as usual and queue for life-giving water are built up rather big . If you were at this time, be patient and remember - it's not accepted to arrange squabbles and ryaditsya .
Bilyar fortification
An ancient settlement - this is the archaeological remains of the capital of Volga-Kama Bulgaria X-XIII centuries . Its huge size amazes! And not only tourists, but also professional archeologists . Bilyar is a whole complex of monuments, which includes remains of fortifications, suburbs, necropolises, country estates . The entire complex occupies about 800 hectares . According to legend, Bilyar was adorned gates of pure gold . There is no proof for this yet, but there is no doubt that the archeologists have no doubts that there was a white-stone cathedral in the Great City, a mausoleum of the Bulgarian nobility, a caravanserai, a bathhouse and wells. . At the same time excavated only 0, 1% of the territory of the Bulgarian Tolitsy . With the help of aerial photography, there are traces of 30 brick buildings, ancient streets, quarters, squares and reservoirs . There are still many discoveries ahead of the scientists .
Archaeological Museum
Here is a rich collection of Bilyar antiquities . @ You can see, for example, the metal cover of a book encrusted with precious stones, gold and silver temple rings with a bird in the center, bracelets of the finest skin that once decorated the hands of Bilayer women ... The museum was created back in 1977 on the initiative of Professor Alfred Khalikov . @ Ecc the course guide will tell you in detail about the national clothes, household items of the 18th and 19th centuries, expensive ceremonial vessels made in Central Asia and the capitals of the Golden Horde . The story is literate and interesting - to listen is .
House Museum Arbuzova
There is a museum of famous chemists, researchers of organophosphorus compounds, father and son of Arbuzov near the historical-archeological museum. The house was dismantled and transported from a neighboring village with a curious name for the Russian people Arbuzov Baran, there used to be the estate of this family. In the museum itself, except for the modest way of life of the father and son of Arbuzov, you will not see anything unless you listen to the story of the guide about the traditions of the family, the upbringing of the future scientist, friends and achievements.
The grave of chemist Alexander Butlerov
A small chapel is located not far from Bilyarsk -mausoleum with the grave of another famous Russian chemist Alexander Butlerov. He loved to relax in these parts. By the way, in the house of Arbuzov one room is devoted to him. Once there was a small Butlerovka village, there were no traces left, only a churchyard with the grave of the rector of Kazan University. It is saved.
All prices are indicated as of February 2013.